Law Enforcement And Social Work - 901 Words

Law enforcement and social work, is there is difference between the two. Yes, they both have different job titles but do they sometimes do cross path in their career field. Most, people disagree that there is a dichotomy between law enforcement and social workers. While an offender is on supervision there are some three main functions that Latessa and Davis talk about. Those functions are: law enforcement, social worker, and bureaucrat role. The law enforcement role focuses on the enforcing the law, social worker role make sure that the offender is adjusting to their community successfully, and finally the bureaucrat role makes sure that the agency policies are being carried out. Papaorzzi and Gendreau, talk about how a PO is successful with their casework. They, gone on to say that they are successful because they balance their law enforcement and social work case work. Another reason they are successful, is because they reducing the recidivism rate is a goal of the department. As a n officer, you put into many different situations and are required to make the best decision possible for the both the offender and the victim. For example, if a young child was being abused by their mother or father, as an officer it is your duty to arrest that parent for abuse but also making sure the child can stay with a guardian who will not put the child in any danger. Now, there is some evidence that believes that there is a false dichotomy, reason is that people believe that there shouldShow MoreRelatedLaw Enforcement Research Paper1530 Words   |  7 PagesLaw Enforcement Policies: Then And Now Every community is peculiar, they differ in climate and surroundings. Different communities have different needs that will adapt the policies of different law enforcement agencies, city to city. Policies should also change and go through a transition as the culture, of not only the community but the world, transforms. The policies of an agency should largely be based on the values and ethics of the agency itself, however they should, without changing the foundationRead MoreLaw Enforcement Officers Face Incredible Dangers Essay1630 Words   |  7 PagesLaw enforcement officers have encountered some very deadly days. The life of a law enforcement officer is one of constantly being aware of your surroundings, dealing with the uncertainty of not knowing the individuals you have to approach, and being able to cope with the visual images seen after vicious crimes. The life of a law enforcement officer, who protects and serves, is both challenging and rewarding. The first law enforcement system was established in Boston, Massachusetts over 350 yearsRead MoreThere Is No Standard System Of Exposure In The Police Agency1396 Words   |  6 Pagesmeasurement tools, including Klout for measuring levels of online influence on Twitter and Facebook, and Google Analytics† (Argenti, 2016, p. 160). For law enforcement the ROI is viewed more likely as a return on objective (ROO) concept since they are a non-profit entity (Drell, 2014). Krajicek (2015) noted in his article that teams working various forms of social media, internal communications, media relations, etc., display the need for consistent thinking and messaging as a critical component to keep atRead MoreExpository Essay : The Criminal Justice Department1081 Words   |  5 Pagespath is law enforcement. I stride to obtain a Criminal Justice, Law Enforcement Track, B.S degree, obtaining this degree will prepare me for my captivating career ahead and unveil a massive amount of opportunities in the world of Crim inal Justice. Courses such as Intro to Criminal Justice, Theories of Correction, Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure, Principles of Law Enforcement, Police-Community Relations, Theoretical and Practical Criminal Investigation, Criminal Evidence and Constitutional Law areRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society1350 Words   |  6 PagesExecutive Summary Social media has changed the way organizations collect and distribute information to the public. Likewise, the personal social medias of employees have the power to negatively impact the reputation of the organization to which they are employed. Due to the rising number of employee social media scandals, many organizations have implemented social media policies. In addition, organizations have begun monitoring social media to not only ensure that employees are maintaining professionalRead MorePublic Safety Is More Refined, And Strategies Of Communication Essay1513 Words   |  7 Pagesstrategies of communication are a lot quicker. Law enforcement tools have evolved from posters to police radio, patrol cars and social networks, like Twitter, Facebook and YouTube. Social networking has quickly become a valuable intelligence-gathering tool for law enforcement agencies, also as a supply of proof for defense and prosecution personnel who search Facebook pages, Twitter feeds or YouTube vi deos seeking to discredit witnesses, establish enforcement bias, hunt proof or establish associationsRead MoreA Career in Criminal Justice1213 Words   |  5 Pageswere choice to patrol the streets for any trouble that might arise had some to no experience regarding law enforcement or policing. EDUCATION Educational programs in criminal justice are placed within two core groups. One core group being a degree-granting programs that are focused on psychology, sociology, and law in courses. The other group focused on programs and courses for the law enforcement specialist, which is often taught at professional schools or adult education placements. However, asRead MoreUtilitarianism And Social Contract Theory1476 Words   |  6 PagesReflection Paper Utilitarianism and Social Contract Theory Part I: Utilitarianism in the Work Place While managing a law firm over the past 13 years one of the most consistent issues to deal with is office attire. We have hired numerous employees ranging from 20-30 years of age whose attire did not project a professional appearance. Some of the employees often wore jeans or shirts that clearly showed their tattoos or were too revealing. Maybe this doesn’t apply for all law firms, but there is a drasticRead MoreEthical Issues Affecting Society Is Its Lack Of Ethics And Standards1234 Words   |  5 Pagesvery systems that make our society work are in imminent danger of oblivion. Ethical dilemmas are not clear choices between breaking the law and being law-abiding; they are at times complex moral mazes with no easy answers (Luftig Ouellette, 2009). The law often incorporates ethical standards to which most citizens adhere to. But laws sometimes tend to deviate from ethical ideals. Being ethical is not the same as following the law. Morals, ethics and the law are three terms are sometimes usedRead MoreSocial Bond Theory And Its Impact On The Juvenile Justice System1118 Words   |  5 Pages1. Discuss Hirschi’s social bond theory and its impact on the juvenile justice system. In 1969, Travis Hirschi developed the Social Bond Theory. Like other social control theorists, Hirschi was interested in why the majority of society does not demonstrate delinquent behavior, as he believed most people had the natural capacity for such behavior. The social bond theory states that delinquent behavior in juveniles is not learned behavior, it is in fact a natural urge. However, the theory also states

The American Dream - 828 Words

Millennials,millenials,millenials is all I hear about my generation; all I hear about my generation is how clueless and crazy we are about how the world works and that we will never make it like our ancestors before us. I never hear anything good words spoken about millennials and that needs to change. Us millennials hear you and believe me, we are trying our best to change this stereotype. The American dream has always been what everyone desires- a little perfect family, house, and neighborhood. The American dream is what our parents, grandparents, and great grandparents have always wanted. Everyone always desires owning their own home; this concept of the American dream has a symbol of stability attached to it. However, isn’t the†¦show more content†¦The recession also hurt our future opportunity to have good credit. Thus, us â€Å"bad millennials† do not have the credit that is needed to purchase a home so young. We have to take our time and slowly build up our credit to be able to do so. Another thing that may make it seem as if this American dream has died with my generation, is that we have a different first priority. When we graduate high school, our first priority is not buying our first home; our first priority is our education. A career without a college degree is hard to accomplish today. Millennials desire to get that degree, that diploma before we buy our first home. This may postpone the American dream of home ownership, but it does not kill the concept. During the college years, it costs less to rent versus buying a home. A work study, part time, or even a minimum wage full time job does not provide enough income in order to be able to purchase a home; many renting apartments and agencies also provide discounts or other help for college students. It just seems easier to rent during this time in our lives because of the cost efficiency and discounts we can get as college students. Then after we graduate college with the degree that will impact our life forever, us millennials end up being in a lot of student debt. We are expected to find a career with our chosen degree and toShow MoreRelatedImmigrants And The American Dream1362 Words   |  6 PagesImmigrants and the American Dream In the article â€Å"The American Dream†, by James Truslow Adams in The Sundance Reader book, he stated that the American dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. It is a difficult dream for the European upper classes to interpret adequately, and too many of us ourselves have grown weary and mistrustful of it. It is not a dream of motor cars and highRead MoreThe American Dream By Kimberly Amadeo1637 Words   |  7 PagesNowadays, a large number of people migrate to the United States to work and achieve the American Dream. According to the Article â€Å"What is the American Dream?† by Kimberly Amadeo, â€Å"The American Dream was first publicly defined in 1931 by James Truslow Adams in Epic of America. Adam’s often-repeated quote is, ‘The American Dream is that dream of land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyon e, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement.’† There are many peopleRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The American Dream 754 Words   |  4 Pages Nyreel Powell Ms. Jones American Literature 1 June 2015 The American dream in A Raisin in the Sun Have you ever had a dream and it didn’t come how you wanted it to be? Have you ever had accomplishments that you wanted to achieve but people were getting in the way of them? The four main characters in this book all have good dreams but there are people in the way of getting to those dreams or their dream is too high to accomplish. A Raisin in the Sun a play written by Lorraine Hansberry, andRead MoreSister Carrie and the American Dream1618 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Dream is surely based on the concept of â€Å"Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness† but it is above all, a matter of ambition. James Truslow Adams, an American writer and historian, in 1931 states: life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement†, which not only points towards a better standard of living for Americans but also denounces a degree of greed in the US society. Ambition not only â€Å"killed the catâ₠¬  butRead MoreGrapes Of Wrath And The American Dream1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe idea of the American Dream is ever changing depending on the person and the time of life that person is in. Although the main ideas of the American Dream remain the same to be educated, economically sound, healthy, to have a family, and equal rights. Many great films and works of literature were created to show case all the different ideas people have for their American Dream. The film â€Å"Grapes of Wrath† directed by John Ford and the poem â€Å"I Will Fight No More Forever† by Chief Joseph, both depictRead More Destruction of the American Dream Essay2145 Words   |  9 PagesDestruction of the American Dream I’ve talked about it in the past, the destruction of the American Dream. Always, there have been papers, writings, and thoughts that quantify a particular section of its ultimate demise, be it due to money, education, or sexuality. Maybe the destruction cannot be viewed as a singular event or cause. Perhaps instead it must be examined as a whole process, the decay and ultimate elimination of a dream. Self destruction, if you will†¦ Mr. Self Destruct Read MoreSuccess As One Of The American Dream1137 Words   |  5 PagesApril 2015 Success as One of The American Dream When we hear the word â€Å"success†, we often think of wealth and money. To some people, the embodiment of being success is earning a lot of money. In fact, the concept of success is primarily based on how much money a person earns. However, each person views the definition of success differently. One way to define success is something that has more to do with flash than it does with substance. John Wooden, an American basketball player and coach viewRead MoreJim Cullen And The American Dream2081 Words   |  9 Pages The American Dream, as defined by Cullen, is starting your goal off with a little and ending with more; it s like a business, you invest in it in order to gain more money. Usually, people will define the American Dream as being able to achieve your goal because everyone is offered opportunities. Cullen does acknowledge that people are born with different opportunities, so he talks about the good life. The good life describes different factors that determine your opportunities. Throughout the otherRead MoreFactors Influencing The American Dream1834 Words   |  8 Pagesindividual to succumb or to not succumb to the seductions of crime. These three factors are brilliantly portrayed in the television show, Breaking Bad and the novel, The Stick Up Kids. The American Dream is what many American citizens strive for. However, not all of those citizens are able to achieve the American Dream through a legal pathway. The reason an indivudal may not being able to do so is because of his or her background factors. It is important to note that background factors are a fractionRead MoreShark Tank And The American Dream1755 Words   |  8 PagesShark Tank and The American Dream The TV show Shark tank embodies everything the American dream represents. The show obtains successful Entrepreneurs ready to invest their own money into other Americans wanting to be just like them, reaching the American dream and become a successful entrepreneur. The show presents entrepreneurs working towards the goal of creating a business to not only gain wealth but also change the way we live today. The show is to keep the American dream alive and well while

Essay on The Three Different French Empires - 1436 Words

The French empire has often been perceived as being one of the most difficult empires to define as a total whole (SOURCE). There is no such thing as one coherent history of the French empire, but rather the Empire could be divided up into roughly three different individual empires. One can distinguish between three different French empires as starting with the period of the rule of the ancià ©n regime, known as the Kingdom of France, lasting from 1594 to 1789. Subsequently, one can distinct the empire as created by Napoleon I as a second empire which lasted from 1804 to 1814 (and a brief restoration in 1805), which was the first to be actually named an empire, and finally the second French empire, founded by Napoleons nephew Napoleon III†¦show more content†¦So when crises hit, the third estate was always hit hardest as their taxes were increased dramatically to maintain the wealth of the other estates. More importantly, whereas the first and second estate had direct repres entation in the judicial bodies of the empire, the third estate did not and so their voices were barely if not at all heard. The before mentioned crises found their foundations in the engagement of the empire in several costly military endeavors, most notably the Seven Years War and the American Revolutionary War, as well as in persistent crop failures which damaged a partially agriculture-dependent economy. Resulting famines putting further pressure on the people and in addition to these social and economic inequalities the emerging ideas of the Enlightenment – striving for intellectual reasoning and individual equality rather than building upon tradition of inequality – were of significant influence. The result of the Revolution was a much more equal society, primarily through one of its most important documents, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. The document holds several important passages regarding the fundamental rights of people, claimin g these to beShow MoreRelatedNapoleon Bonaparte And The Reign Of Terror792 Words   |  4 Pages3.2~ The Reign of Terror was a point in time during the French Revolution in which Maximilien Robespierre attempted to live in â€Å"republic of virtue†, which didn’t end well for France. For instance, Robespierre ruled as a dictator in terms of remaining loyal to his duties. Also, another example would be his decisions which impacted his reputation along with his overall personality as a whole. First off foremost, Robespierre didn’t feel pity for his subjects and during the Reign of Terror, 40,000 peopleRead MoreWorld History : The Middle East1339 Words   |  6 Pagesdepict the event or era. Understanding a few Islamic historical events will clarify why world history is important and why the Global Middle East is being studied. The three events/eras that will be discussed are: the Roman Empire and its effect on the Global Middle East (306-337 CE), Ottoman religiou s propaganda in the 1530s, and the French invading Egypt in 1798. (class discussion 9/29) As previously mentioned, one must acquire a world history foundation in order to understand the history of the GlobalRead MoreBackground Information On The Sykes Picot Agreement1298 Words   |  6 PagesBackground Information on the Sykes-Picot Agreement After the war broke out in the summer of 1914, the Allies—Britain, France and Russia—held many discussions regarding the future of the Ottoman Empire, now fighting on the side of Germany and the Central Powers, and its vast expanse of territory in the Middle East, Arabia and southern-central Europe. In March 1915, Britain signed a secret agreement with Russia, whose designs on the empire’s territory had led the Turks to join forces with GermanyRead MoreDifference Between French Revolution And American Revolution1217 Words   |  5 PagesThe Difference between French Revolution and American Revolution Western Europe and the Colonies in the New World experienced major wars during the 18 century: the American Revolution (1775-1783) and the French Revolution (1789-1799), Both were inspired by the philosophy of the Enlightenment; both were the results of oppression the people had to suffer [at] the hands of their rulers. ..and [both] succeeded in toppling the monarchy Difference). Even though these two revolutions were similar inRead MoreWorld Wars : The Seven Years War1695 Words   |  7 Pages Throughout the course of mankind, wars were raged on different continents. During this extended period of time, roughly four thousand years, there have been two wars labeled as â€Å"World Wars.† However, with research and expanded knowledge, there should at least be three â€Å"world wars,† and have the names altered to fit the criteria of such. This added war is known as: The Seven Years War. Despite misguiding evidence, and different historical accounts, the war can either be placed to have originatedRead MoreNapoleon Bonaparte And The French Revolution1133 Words   |  5 PagesThe French Revolution, a revolutionary movement of extensive social and political upheavals triggered by the dissatisfaction of the monarchy. Inspired by the ideals of the Enlightenment, the Third Estate overthrew the monarchy and established many different governments and constitutions. These proved to be unhelpful and useless as anyone who came into power was blinded by it and became unreli able until Napoleon Bonaparte. Born as the fourth child of the Bonaparte, Napoleon grew up desiring to beRead MoreThe Telegrams Exchanged between Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany and Tsar Nicolas II of Russia710 Words   |  3 Pagessmall section of the vast array of telegrams exchanged between the two, ranging more than 2 decades (from 1894 to 1914). While the early volumes of the telegrams were attempts by the Kaiser to â€Å"(stir) up the Czar’s monarchical instinct against the French Republic † and to appear congenial, the final telegrams between the Kaiser and the Tsar were cautious warnings against mobilising and the threat of war. The telegrams between Wilhelm and Nicolas are directly weaved into the events of the July CrisisRead MoreEssay on Napoleon Bonapartes Life and Accomplishments1088 Words   |  5 Pagesprofound, Napoleon Bonaparte would one day control an empire that spanned across Europe and Asia, but he would not stop there, for Napoleon would seek to e stablish the entire world as his empire. The hard-fought wars Napoleon Bonaparte faced upon this conquest coupled with the naval prowess of the English would present a formidable challenge for Napoleon and had he not been stopped at Trafalgar, the world just may have become something completely different than we know it today. Napoleon Buonaparte wasRead MoreRevolutions: The Road to Independence Essay877 Words   |  4 Pageseconomic disputes. Consequently, the common matter for the American, French, and Latin America revolutions emerged to gain their own independence. In North America, the colonists put emphasis on their independence from Great Britain and established a new republic. In France, protesters abolished the authority of France and reorganized the French society, and Latin America sought liberty from Spain’s control. One thing all three revolutions had in common was that they were inspired by EnlightenmentRead MoreMilitarism, Nationalism, And The Start Of The Alliance System1360 Words   |  6 PagesFerdinand of Austria which shortly after caused the beginning of the greatest and bloodiest war in history. The war was fought on different theaters by the world’s greatest empires at that time. The allies composed of the British and the French empires joined forces with mighty Russi a against the Central powers composed of Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire. In 1917, three years after the war broke out, the Allies were joined by the United States which forced a quick defeat of the Central Powers

Analysis Of The Article Your Mother Is Your Bones ...

Critical Responses to the Novel Orville Schell wrote the article â€Å"Your Mother is in Your Bones† about The Joy Luck Club. Schell starts out by giving some historical background information on China, about those emigrating in order to escape Communism and how Asian immigrants didn’t fit in America as easily as Europeans did. He also talks about Chinatowns and other struggles immigrants faced. He talks about the strange phenomena where Chinese-Americans were bound to China by heritage, but they had never even been there. He then summarizes the events of the novel, focusing on June and her dynamic with her mother and the rest of the Joy Luck Club. He talks about the stories told by each of the mothers, describing them as surreal and magical. He says that the formatting of the novel using all the different stories places the reader into the shoes of a Chinese immigrant trying to navigate their way to becoming more Americanized. He says that the novel could’ve bee n written in a patronizing way or could’ve been clichà ©, but because of Amy Tan’s skills it was written beautifully (Schell). In John Mullan’s article â€Å"John Mullan on The Joy Luck Club,† Mullan starts by discussing the similarities between the game mah jong and the structure of the novel. He talks about the divisions of four, the four players, and he talks about which characters narrated which sections. He talks more about the narrators, mentioning that June is kind of the bridge between these two generations. He saysShow MoreRelatedAutobilography of Zlatan Ibrahimovic116934 Words   |  468 Pages Hey you, Guardiola said. Here in Barca we keep our feet down on the ground. Sure, I said. Fine. Here we don t drive any Ferraris or Porsches to training. I nodded, didn t go cocky on him, like how the fuck is what car I m driving your concern? But I thought What does he want? What message is he giving me? Believe me, I don t need any fancy cars or parking on the sidewalk to show off anymore. That wasn t it. I love my cars. They re a passion of mine, but I sensed somethingRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesAttribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests that the book Logical Reasoning or its author endorse you or your use of the work). (2) Noncommercial You may not use this work for commercial purposes (for example, by inserting passages into a book that is sold to students). (3) No Derivative Works You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. An earlierRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 PagesEdition II and Native Agents of the C.M.S.’, and alphabetically arranged by the Hon. L.E. Portman and Miss Bird. A number of words are marked as being from Abá »  (Aboh), á »Å'ka (Awka), or other dialects. No date is given on the typescript, but it is dated à ¡bout the year 1906 in the preface to a companion work, a Dictionary of the Ibo language: English-Ibo (1923). This latter work was also largely the responsibility of Dennis, and it is listed under his name in bibliographies, although his name does not appearRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesF i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experienced student user Ask your local representative for details! Collaborate with your colleagues, find a mentor, attend virtual and live events, and view resources www.WhereFacultyConnect.com Pre-loaded, ready-to-useRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesinteresting. 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Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesphotocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle Riv er, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designationsRead MoreW1 Active Adj14109 Words   |  57 Pageswords in both spoken and written English, based on statistical analysis of the 390 million words contained in the Longman Corpus Network – a group of corpuses or databases of authentic English language. 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The History of the Theater free essay sample

A look at the development of theater through history. The paper is an exploration of the development of theater over the centuries. It traces the origin of theater back to Classical Greece. The features of this kind of theater are studied. The paper then turns to contemporary theater, in an investigation into the features that is has assimilated from the Greek period. It also looks at The Noh theater of Japan as an influence of contemporary theater. The theater is an international institution. Broadly speaking, elements of theater are found in virtually every culture, and modern theater as practiced in America is the result of numerous borrowings and adaptations of earlier forms of ritual and spectacle from ancient Greece, Rome, and Asia. Some of the adaptations are more evident, such as the theater itself, the design of the stage, and the forms of tragedy and comedy, and most of these elements can be traced to Greek and Roman beginnings. We will write a custom essay sample on The History of the Theater or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Asian theater has had its strongest influence on individual playwrights, certain styles of acting, and certain theatrical effects.

Giordano Entered a Contract Joint Venture with Real in Germany free essay sample

During 2000 2001, Giordano had been facing a serious of challenges, like intensifying competition, rising unemployment rate, which had increased to 4. 5% in March 2001. Moreover, economic growth in Asian countries was predicted to drop during that period of time. The management believed that the Group profit was at risk if the growth of its two major markets, Hong Kong Taiwan, slowed down in consequence. Giordano management decided to continue its multi-region development strategy and, as a result, the Group made its debut in Germany through a joint venture in March 2001. Germany is an important gateway for the Group to enter into the European Union (EU) consumer market. Through this venture, the Group also wishes to tap into the increasingly important East European apparel-manufacturing base. By the end of the fiscal year, there were 23 Bluestar Exchange outlets operating within a hypermarket (supermarket) chain in a shop-in-shop format, where the company will be selling its goods in Bluestar Exchange label owned by Giordano in 50 â€Å"Real shops†. We will write a custom essay sample on Giordano Entered a Contract Joint Venture with Real in Germany or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Real is owned by Germany’s SB Warenhaus, a unit of Metro, Europe’s second-largest retailer. Selection Criteria for entering an overseas market Every decision making should be aligned with Giordano’s core value (customer service, 2) cost control and 3) speed simplicity). After deciding Germany as the first overseas market of EU, SLEPT factors may be useful in providing guidelines which the most appropriate market entry mode is (Appendix 1). Based on both SLEPT factors and the Group’s core value, the method of market entry could be easily defined, that is, Contract Joint Venture with REAL in Germany. More elaboration can be found in the following section. International Market Entry Modes – Contract Joint Venture The decision of how to enter a foreign market can have a significant impact on the results. There are many different ways to expand into foreign markets, in this essay, we will concentrate to discuss four major mechanisms: exporting, licensing, ownership and joint venture. The management of Giordano finally chose ‘Joint Venture’ as its entry method into Germany. The illustrations will be given below. 1)Exporting The company produces their products in their home market and then sells them to customers overseas. Reasons for not choosing this mode: ?The Group still needs to find ways to distribute its apparel ? Prospect of exports of clothing is not encouraging ?Further intensify of export competition with Chinese enterprises and other low-cost overseas suppliers like Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean ? Consignments of textiles and apparel imported into Germany require a certificate of origin because certain quotas apply to low labour-cost countries (like China). ?Non-EU manufacturers should be aware of the costs associated with exporting such as customs duties, value-add tax and distributor margins which have a direct effect on prices of their goods and consequently their competitiveness. ) Licensing Here Giordano might grant the company in the foreign market a license to produce the product, use the brand name, trademark, etc. in return that they will receive a royalty payment. The Group can enter the market very quickly. However, the control over the use of asset is less, especially when Giordano wanted to promote its brand through this expansion; the reputation of its brand is difficult to control. In addition, if Giordano wanted to keep its customer-orientated image, they may need to invest extra money on staff training. 3) Foreign Direct Investment It is the direct ownership of facilities in the target country. It involves the transfer of resources including capital, technology and personnel. Direct ownership provides a high degree of control in the operations and the ability to better know the consumers and competitive environment. However, it requires a high level of resources and a high degree of commitment. Except previous trial/small scale expansion had been done to test the feedback in Germany, otherwise, this case is comparatively too risky for Giordano’s first entry to European counties. 4)Joint Venture To share the risk of market entry into a foreign market, two organizations may come together to form a company to operate in the host country. Giordano is therefore bounded to match up with an appropriate local partner (REAL) in order to smooth entry into that business environment. Shop-in-shop systems are becoming increasingly powerful. From a study (Ref. no. 5), every fourth Euro spent on textiles in Germany goes to four leading companies KarstadtQuelle, Otto, CA and Metro. Apparently, Giordano selected a good business model and a potential partner for entering the Europe. There are 5 common objectives in a joint venture: ?market entry ?risk/return sharing, ?technology/resources sharing ?joint product development ?conforming to government regulations. Most likely, the above objectives met with that of Giordano quite well. At that moment, what Giordano looked for was an economic (cost control) and efficient (speed) way to expand into the European market. Moreover, the idea behind joint venture is mutual benefit. That’s why it was relatively easy for Giordano (comparative smaller scale than Metro) to get a local well-known partner. Other entry method cannot help this out. Joint ventures give the following advantages: ?Faster market entry ?Sharing of risk, resources and ability ?political connections ?Joint financial strength ?As the source of supply for a third country (further expansion) ? Financial interests will ensure that both parties pay more attention and commitment to the venture ? Provide network to distribute the product ?Benefit also to the local participant, who is able to scale up their operation to world standards and gain tangible benefits such as profits, echnology and international business experience. They also have disadvantages: ?have conflicting pressures to cooperate and compete ?Partners do not have full control of management. ?Partners from different background may have different perceptions, expectations and views on expected benefits ? Dependence on a potential competitor (the partner) If the partners carefully map out in advance what they expect to achieve and how, then many problems can be overcome. Conclusion Basic studies reflected that joint venture seemed an appropriate way to enter Germany. However, due to recognition of the inappropriate distribution channel and/or other practical issues, the Management made a prudent decision to cut losses at an early stage. The joint venture was dissolved and the entire 23-outlet Bluestar Exchange chain was closed on September 30, 2002. Not losing completely, the brief 18 months of operation in Germany allowed Management to establish good relationships with some European retailers and suppliers, which will be beneficial for the Group’s future expansion in Europe.